DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide) (5mg)

DSIP Research

Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) is a neuropeptide consisting of nine amino acids (Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu) that was first isolated from the cerebral venous blood of rabbits during sleep in the 1970s.

As its name suggests, DSIP was initially identified for its apparent ability to promote slow-wave (delta) sleep, which is the deepest stage of non-REM sleep. Subsequent research has revealed its effects may be more complex and potentially extend beyond sleep regulation.

DSIP has been studied for various potential physiological roles, including:

• Stress response and adaptation
• Pain modulation
• Immune system regulation
• Antioxidant properties
• Effects on endocrine function

DSIP has been investigated for potential applications in sleep disorders, pain management, and substance withdrawal syndromes.

DSIP and Sleep Regulation

DSIP is known for its ability to induce delta sleep, a type of non-REM sleep characterized by slow-wave EEG patterns. It has been shown to promote sleep in several species, including rabbits, rats, mice, and humans, with varying effects on REM sleep in cats¹.

DSIP has been shown to influence neurotransmitter levels, including serotonin (5-HT), glutamate, dopamine, and melatonin, which are crucial for sleep regulation². It also affects electrophysiological activity, circadian rhythms, and hormonal levels, indicating its broad impact on physiological processes³.

DSIP promotes sleep in a species-specific manner, with varying effects on different types of sleep across species. In clinical trials, DSIP has been shown to normalize disturbed sleep and improve alertness and performance during wakefulness⁴.

Despite its known effects, the physiological role of DSIP remains unclear, partly due to the lack of identification of its gene and receptor. The existence of DSIP-like peptides with similar biological activity has been hypothesized⁵.

DSIP and Pain Management

In clinical studies, DSIP administration resulted in a notable reduction in pain levels among patients with various pain syndromes, including migraines, vasomotor headaches, chronic tinnitus, and psychogenic pain attacks⁶. The peptide not only reduced pain severity but also decreased the duration and frequency of pain episodes, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for chronic pain management⁷.

DSIP also influences circadian rhythms related to pain perception. In studies with rats, DSIP administration altered the circadian pain threshold, increasing it during both light and dark periods. This effect was not sensitive to naloxone, indicating a distinct mechanism from its opioid-mediated antinociceptive effects⁸.

DSIP and Withdrawal Symptoms

DSIP has shown promising results in treating withdrawal symptoms in both alcohol and opiate addicts. In a study involving 67 patients, DSIP treatment resulted in a beneficial effect in 48 out of 49 evaluable patients. The treatment led to an immediate and lasting suspension of somatic symptoms, with anxiety resolving more slowly⁹.

Another study with 107 inpatients reported that DSIP treatment led to a marked and rapid improvement in clinical symptoms for 97% of opiate addicts and 87% of alcohol addicts, although anxiety decreased more slowly¹⁰.

References

1. Pollard, B., & Pomfrett, C. (2001). Delta sleep-inducing peptide.. European journal of anaesthesiology, 18 7, 419-22 . https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1365-2346.2001.00917.X.
2. Mu, X., Qu, L., Yin, L., Wang, L., Liu, X., & Liu, D. (2024). Pichia pastoris secreted peptides crossing the blood-brain barrier and DSIP fusion peptide efficacy in PCPA-induced insomnia mouse models. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1439536.
3. Graf, M., & Kastin, A. (1986). Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP): An update. Peptides, 7, 1165-1187. https://doi.org/10.1016/0196-9781(86)90148-8.
4. Schneider-Helmert, D., & Schoenenberger, G. (1983). Effects of DSIP in man. Multifunctional psychophysiological properties besides induction of natural sleep.. Neuropsychobiology, 9 4, 197-206 . https://doi.org/10.1159/000117964.
5. Kovalzon, V., & Strekalova, T. (2006). Delta sleep‐inducing peptide (DSIP): a still unresolved riddle. Journal of Neurochemistry, 97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03693.x.
6. Larbig, W., Gerber, W., & Schoenenberger, G. (1987). Peptidergic Pain Reducing Effects Of The Delta-Sleep-Inducing Peptide (Dsip) In Headache And Other Pain Syndroms. Cephalalgia, 7, 46 – 48. https://doi.org/10.1177/03331024870070S614.
7. Larbig, W., Gerber, W., Kluck, M., & Schoenenberger, G. (1984). Therapeutic effects of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) in patients with chronic, pronounced pain episodes. A clinical pilot study.. European neurology, 23 5, 372-85 . https://doi.org/10.1159/000115716.
8. Yehuda, S., & Carasso, R. (1987). The effects of DSIP on pain threshold during light and dark periods in rats are not naloxone-sensitive.. The International journal of neuroscience, 37 1-2, 85-8 . https://doi.org/10.3109/00207458708991805.
9. Dick, P., Grandjean, M., & Tissot, R. (1983). Successful treatment of withdrawal symptoms with delta sleep-inducing peptide, a neuropeptide with potential agonistic activity on opiate receptors.. Neuropsychobiology, 10 4, 205-8 . https://doi.org/10.1159/000118012.
10. Dick, P., Costa, C., Fayolle, K., Grandjean, M., Khoshbeen, A., & Tissot, R. (1984). DSIP in the treatment of withdrawal syndromes from alcohol and opiates.. European neurology, 23 5, 364-71 . https://doi.org/10.1159/000115715.