TB-500 Technical Overview
TB-500 is a synthetic version of Thymosin Beta-4, a naturally occurring 43 amino acid peptide found in virtually all mammalian cells. Thymosin Beta-4 acts as a multifunctional regulatory peptide comprising distinct bioactive regions within its structure: the N-terminal tetrapeptide (Ac-SDKP) mediates anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activities, amino acids 1-15 inhibit apoptosis and promote cell survival, while the central actin-binding domain (amino acids 17-23, containing LKKTET) drives angiogenesis, cell migration, and wound healing.
Thymosin beta-4 is among the most abundant beta-thymosins found in mammalian tissue and is largely unstructured in aqueous solution. That conformational flexibility is central to how it is studied: an unfolded backbone can recognize multiple molecular targets, which is the working explanation for the wide range of binding partners reported for it.
Two sequence regions do most of the mechanistic work in the literature. The central actin-binding motif KLKKTET, spanning residues 17 through 23, mediates G-actin sequestration. The N-terminal tetrapeptide AcSDKP is a separately characterized fragment with its own experimental record.
Compound Specifications
| Property |
Value |
| Synonyms |
Thymosin Beta-4; Thymosin β4; Tβ4; TB4; Timbetasin (INN); TMSB4X gene product |
| CAS Number |
77591-33-4 |
| PubChem CID |
45382195 |
| Molecular Formula |
C₂₁₂H₃₅₀N₅₆O₇₈S |
| Molecular Weight |
4963.44 g/mol |
| Amino Acid Sequence |
Ac-SDKPDMAEIEKFDKSKLKKTETQEKNPLPSKETIEQEKQAGES |
| Sequence Length |
43 residues, N-terminally acetylated |
| Actin-Binding Motif |
KLKKTET (residues 17 to 23) |
| Source |
Synthetic |
| InChIKey |
UGPMCIBIHRSCBV-XNBOLLIBSA-N |
| Purity |
≥99% (HPLC) |
| Appearance |
Lyophilized white powder |
| Solubility |
Soluble in water |
| Storage |
-20°C, protect from light |
Storage and Handling
- Store the lyophilized compound at -20°C, sealed and protected from light.
- After reconstitution, store at 2°C to 8°C and use promptly.
- Allow the vial to reach room temperature before opening to limit moisture uptake.
- Brief sonication may be required for complete dissolution at higher working concentrations.
- Maintain aseptic handling to preserve compound integrity.
Lyophilized Format
This compound ships in lyophilized (freeze-dried) form. Freeze-drying supports long-term storage stability and preserves compound integrity. No fillers are added.
TB-500 Peptide Research
Thymosin Beta-4 is a versatile peptide with applications across various therapeutic areas, including liver disease, ocular health, tissue repair, cardiovascular health, and anti-aging. Its ability to promote cell survival, reduce inflammation, and enhance tissue regeneration makes it a promising candidate for future research applications.
Tissue Repair and Regeneration
Tβ4 is involved in several biological processes that contribute to tissue repair and regeneration. It promotes cell migration, blood vessel formation, cell survival, and stem cell maturation, which are crucial for wound healing and tissue regeneration1. It also demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties, downregulating inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, and resolving inflammation through autophagy2.
Tβ4 has shown promising results in cardiac tissue repair, particularly following myocardial infarction. It activates resident epicardial progenitor cells, promotes cardiomyocyte survival, and enhances cardiac function by improving coronary neovascularization and modulating inflammation3.
In the CNS, Tβ4 regulates neurogenesis and promotes the repair of nerve tissues by supporting angiogenesis, wound healing, and stem cell differentiation. It also has anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, which are beneficial in treating traumatic and neurological brain injuries4.
Tβ4’s regenerative properties extend to other organs, including the kidney, liver, and intestines, where it aids in tissue preservation and repair5.
Cardiovascular Applications
In cardiovascular research, Tβ4 has been shown to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells in ischemic conditions. It promotes angiogenesis and cell migration, which are crucial for repairing ischemic tissues.
Studies have demonstrated improved blood flow and reduced tissue loss in ischemic hindlimb models when Tβ4 is used in combination with stem cell therapy6.
Anti-Aging and Regenerative Therapies
Tβ4 is also being investigated for its potential in anti-aging therapies. It has been shown to promote cardiac cell survival and improve heart function after injury. The peptide’s ability to reactivate embryonic programs and enhance vascularization suggests it could play a role in reversing aging processes and promoting organ regeneration7.
Liver Disease and Ferroptosis
Thymosin Beta-4 has shown promise in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by inhibiting ferroptosis, a type of cell death. In a study using a rat model, Tβ4 improved liver inflammation and lipid metabolism, increased antioxidant levels, and reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation8.
This suggests that Tβ4 could be a novel strategy for NAFLD treatment by targeting the GPX4-mediated ferroptosis pathway.
Ocular Health and Bacterial Keratitis
Tβ4 is being explored as an adjunct treatment for bacterial keratitis, a severe corneal infection. It has been shown to reduce inflammation and promote wound healing in the cornea, enhancing the efficacy of antibiotics like ciprofloxacin9.
This dual action of reducing inflammation and promoting healing makes Tβ4 a potential therapeutic agent for improving outcomes in microbial keratitis.
References
- Philp, D., & Kleinman, H. (2010). Animal studies with thymosin β4, a multifunctional tissue repair and regeneration peptide. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1194. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05479.x.
- Renga, G., Oikonomou, V., Stincardini, C., Pariano, M., Borghi, M., Costantini, C., Bartoli, A., Garaci, E., Goldstein, A., & Romani, L. (2018). Thymosin β4 limits inflammation through autophagy. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 18, 171 – 175. https://doi.org/10.1080/14712598.2018.1473854.
- Bjorklund, G., Dadar, M., Aaseth, J., & Chirumbolo, S. (2019). Thymosin β4: a multi-faceted tissue repair stimulating protein in heart injury.. Current medicinal chemistry. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190716125456.
- Zhang, G., Murthy, K., Pare, R., & Qian, Y. (2020). Protective effect of Tβ4 on central nervous system tissues and its developmental prospects. European Journal of Inflammation, 18. https://doi.org/10.1177/2058739220934559.
- Gao, J., Ying, Y., Lin, C., Tao, N., Hoffman, R., Shi, D., & Chen, Z. (2022). Thymosin β4 and actin: binding modes, biological functions and clinical applications.. Current protein & peptide science. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389203724666221201093500.
- Kim, J., Joo, H., & Hong, S. (2020). Abstract 469: Thymosin Beta4 Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy of Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells in Mouse Ischemic Hindlimb Model. Circulation Research. https://doi.org/10.1161/res.127.suppl_1.469.
- Bock-Marquette, I., Maar, K., Maar, S., Lippai, B., Faskerti, G., Gallyas, F., Olson, E., & Srivastava, D. (2023). Thymosin beta-4 denotes new directions towards developing prosperous anti-aging regenerative therapies.. International immunopharmacology, 116, 109741 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109741.
- Zhu, Z., Zhang, Y., Huang, X., Can, L., Zhao, X., Wang, Y., Xue, J., Cheng, M., & Zhu, L. (2021). Thymosin beta 4 alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver by inhibiting ferroptosis via up-regulation of GPX4.. European journal of pharmacology, 174351 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174351.
- Sosne, G., & Berger, E. (2023). Thymosin beta 4: A potential novel adjunct treatment for bacterial keratitis.. International immunopharmacology, 118, 109953 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109953.
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